Legalization of Marijuana :: informative weed essay

Legalizing marijuana could lead to new medicinal purposes. This seems to be the strongest argument in legalizing this substance. Marijuana is a controlled substance, also known as a narcotic. More commonly named in the past, hemp plant or cannabis, is one of the oldest known psychoactive plants in humanity. The main ingredient in marijuana that causes the â€Å"high† people get form smoking it is known as THC (â€Å"tetrahydrocannabinols†). A native of central Asia, cannabis may have been cultivated as much as ten thousand years ago. It was cultivated in China by 4000 B.C. and in Turk Stan by 3000 B.C. It has long been used as a medicine in India, China, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, South Africa, and South America. The first evidence of the medicinal use of cannabis was during the reign of the Chinese Emperor Chen Nung five thousand years ago. â€Å"It was recommended for malaria, constipation, and rheumatic pains (Grinspoon, Lester. 3) Since then many American research facilities have tried to cannabis find medicinal purposes for the drug. In the twentieth century has been proposed or shown to be useful as a medicine for many disorders and symptoms. As the results of various state research programs indicate, marijuana may be a remarkably effective substitute for standard drugs. â€Å"In one study of fifty-six patients who got no relief from standard anathematic agents, 78 percent became symptom-free when they smoked marijuana.† (Grinspoon, Lester. 25). Marijuana is also used for medicinal purposes in disorders such as: cancer chemotherapy, glaucoma, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, paraplegia, AIDS, chronic pain, rheumatic diseases, depression and other mood disorders. Though all of these have valid reason to legalize marijuana the FDA has yet to approve of it. "Today drugs must undergo rigorous, expensive, and time-consuming tests to win approval by the Food and Drug Administration for marketing as medicines." (Grinspoon, Lester. 226 ) Those who are suffering from various diseases are also excluded from the use of marijuana. If cannabis was made legal, there are several medicinal uses for it. The most recent is a study of the effects of marijuana on Multiple Sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Eventually victims of the disease may become totally paralyzed and forced to use a wheel chair. According to the BBC news, (an English news website), about 200 people have signed up to take part in the first national study of the effects of this narcotic on the disease.

India Change over Time Essay

India is a country with a rich culture and many age-old traditions. Although some of these aspects of indian culture can still be seen today, India has changed greatly over the year. A major contributing factor to this change was British colonization of India in the early and mid-1700s; colonization had both short-term and long-term impacts on India. Prior to British colonization most of India lived in small villages and maintained a predominantly agricultural economy. In most regions of India there is a strong sense of family and community. There are many festivals and occasions for celebration, especially weddings. As each region of India has elements of unique culture, occasions and celebrations can vary widely. Before colonization, people lived in extended families. A son would not leave his parents’ home when he married. Instead, his new wife would live with her husband’s family and work for and serve his household. Women had very few choices or rights. They were expected to obey their father until they married, then they would obey their husband. If their husband died, they would be expected to obey their father-in-law. Houses were built of wood, reeds, mud bricks and straw. People slept, ate and sat on the floor, and furniture in houses was not common prior to colonization. Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism are the three religions that are believed to have shaped Indian thought; religions that are practices world-wide. Many motivations pushed Europeans towards colonizing foreign lands. Primarily, nations established colonies to gain economic profits. In addition to a desire for economic profit, nationalism also served as a reason for colonization. Europeans used the ideas of the â€Å"White Man’s Burden† to help justify their colonization of foreign lands. The White Man’s Burden was the idea that as supreme beings, it was the job of the white people to spread their superior ways of living to the inferior people of other places. Britain discovered the Indian sub-continent when it was looking to expand its vast empire. In the mid eighteenth century, India became one of Great Britain’s most important colonies. Great Britain relied heavily on India as a source of raw materials. Britain profited from India’s vast supply of tea and cotton. Beginning in 1757, the East India Company, which was overseen by the British government, ruled India. Britain did benefit from the situation; however, notwithstanding the obvious injustices associated with colonization, India also experienced positive impacts. While Great Britain felt that they were being very generous to the Indian people in colonizing and modernizing the nation, the Indians did not always agree with this. Under British rule, many new roads, railways, and harbors were built, and a telegraph system was created. While the Indians were forced to do much labor in the construction of these things, they were often kept from enjoying and benefiting from the finished products. In fact, the Indian people were treated as second class citizens in their own nation. They were banned from many government positions, and had little rights. They often received lower wages than Europeans working in the same job, and their educations did little for them. The Indians eventually came together to fight against the way that they were treated influenced by the same sense of nationalism that had prompted the British to colonize India more than a century before. After much hard work, India finally gained independence from Great Britain in August 1947; however, although India gained independence all ties with the British nation were not cut. One of the first impacts that colonization had in India was the development of unity. When Britain first acquired India as a colony the country was divided. The British imposed system impacted India by bringing more equality to the country as the caste system which outlined social hierarchy was adapted. It is also significant that Britain accepted all of the religions of India which also allowed unity to prosper. India has also experienced positive impacts from the institution established and then left behind by the colonizers. The institutions established by the British Raj and then inherited by India helped lead to democracy in modern day India. The assistance of these institutions assisted India in becoming the world’s largest democracy today. It is also of note that Britain first introduced India to early capitalism through colonization. Britain transformed India into an agricultural based capitalist economy and established forms of private ownership. These actions led India into creating free trade and competitive business. Today India is the largest provider of services in the world in large part due to colonization; however, it is uncertain if without colonization this would be possible. The Indian population is able to compete in the service sector due to the positive impact of the English language being left behind post British rule. When colonization was occurring in India schools were established which taught and offered instruction in English. It is also of note that the East India Company had a positive impact by establishing some services such as rail throughout the country. The culture of India was also greatly impacted. As the English language spread, indigenous languages were diminished, and the culture, as a whole, began to take on a more European style. Under colonial rule India often depended on Great Britian for such things as technological advances and manufactured goods. Once it became independent, India slowly fell behind the rest of the world, as it had to learn to depend less on other nations and more on itself. India, even today, is considered a third-world country. The nations that were once under colonial rule, such as India, are for the most part the nations that are currently undergoing industrial revolutions. In addition to colonization changing the culture of India, it also affected that of the mother country, Great Britain. Colonization led to an increased diversity of culture in Great Britain. This was because many people from India began to move to Great Britain. Today, Great Britain is still home to many Indian people. The impacts of British colonization were huge and the changes made to India as a nation were great. However, not all of that rich culture was lost. Many of those original religions such as Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism are still practiced world-wide. Also, even though English is common in education and business, the official language of India today is Hindi. Indians continue to be proud of their culture and traditional Indian buildings, attire, and customs can still be seen throughout the country.

Analyzing The Aggregate Sales Of New Light Vehicles

Abstract This paper offers a new framework for analyzing the aggregate sales of new light vehicles that incorporates cars and light duty trucks. Because this approach requires only a minimal set of assumptions about demographic trends, the state of the economy, consumer preferences, new vehicle prices and repair costs, and vehicle retirements, household income, it is shown to be especially useful as a forecasting tool as well get more insight on the buying behavior of consumers as well as understand why sales of light duty truck is more than that of the cars. This is NADA data that shows the total new light vehicle sales rose by certain percent in 2013. This is a statistical abstract of the United States that has been designed to serve as a guide to understand the motor vehicle sales from 2004 to 2013. Executive Summary This report summarizes the statistical modeling and analysis results associated with the light vehicles sales in United State of America for over ten years. The purpose of this report is to document the data collection and all the corresponding data modeling and inference technique used during the subsequent statistical analyses. The data used was drawn from NADA and the paper gives a concise overview of sales in the cars and light duty trucks. The reports indicate that the total new light vehicle sales rose by seven and a half percent in twenty – thirteen. This paper also develops a forecast if the sales for cars and light duty trucksShow MoreRelatedThe London Program Has Cut Congestion1675 Words   |  7 Pageswithin the charging zone since it was introduced (Transport for London, 2009). As private vehicle traffic has dropped, some road space has been dedicated to transit and other purposes. 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IEP Implementation and Data Collection

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd ) - 1783 Words

There are quite a few mental disorders that one can experience—they include ADHD, anxiety disorders, autism, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, depression, dissociative disorders, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), posttraumatic stress disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia (â€Å"Mental Health Conditions†). Out of all of these illnesses, it seems like the most common disorder that people trivialize on social media is depression, but lately OCD has been a rising contender. People have gone from never talking about mental illnesses and never educating themselves about them to going online and blabbing about them. People, more specifically teenage girls, go online and post statuses about how they are feeling â€Å"depressed† when really they are just in a negative emotional state. When teenagers say that they are â€Å"depressed† because they got into an argument with their boyfriend or girlfriend, or they did not have anything to do for the whole day, or they did not do well on an exam, the word loses it’s meaning (Bine). What these teenagers do not understand is that there is a world of difference between simply being sad, or bored, and being clinically depressed (K). If people had any idea what others with mental illnesses went through on a daily basis, like how much pain and sadness they felt (K), then they would definitely show more compassion and think twice before they posted their idiotic statuses. In the journal, Computers inShow MoreRelatedObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1756 Words   |  8 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disorder that can affect children and adults. In order to fully understand OCD, many different areas of the disorder must be reviewed. First, OCD will be defined and the diagnosis criteria will be discussed. 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Essentially, it is a false core belief which is believing that there is something wrong, causingRead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)3370 Words   |  14 Pages Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disease that many people know of, but few people know about. Many people associate repeated washing of hands, or flicking of switches, and even cleanliness with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), however there are many more symptoms, and there are also explanations for those symptoms. In this paper, I will describe what obsessive compulsive disorder is, explain some of the effects of it, and explain why it happens. I will also attempt to prove that while medicationRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay1758 Words   |  8 PagesOCD: Whats in Control? Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder that is the fourth most common mental illness in the U.S. (8). OCD affects five million Americans, or one in five people (3). 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So I do less and less, my world becomes smaller and smaller and more lonelyRead MoreEssay about Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)474 Words   |  2 Pages Obsessive Compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental illness that effects nearly 5 million Americans, and half a million children. Its a disease that fills the brain with unwanted ideas, and worries. OCD is a diseases that effects the Cerebral frontal cortex. Unfortunately there is no cure for OCD. Obsessive compulsive disorder can start developing as early as age five. In most cases OCD controls your life. Through out the rest of this paper I hope to inform you on Obsessive compulsive Disorders

Antidepressants and the Placebo Effect-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a report on Placebo Effect. Answer: In response to placebo effect, I would like to say that the magnitude of placebo effect depends on various factors for example the conditions which is being treated. It is mentioned that according to Irving Kirsch, effectiveness of placebo effect of anti-depressant and sugar pill is critically insignificant. However, according to Kirsch (2013), substantial placebo effect have been detected in the treatment of depression and irritable bowel syndrome. But the effectiveness of placebo effect is not visualised in hyperglycemia, bacterial infection, infertility or common cold. Basically the term placebo and its affect over any particular disease varies largely under the consideration that how it is being applied. Kirsch (2013), has stated in his paper that in Parkinson's disease, the effect of placebo pills is insignificant in comparison to placebo surgery. In case of antidepressant, all the available antidepressants seem to be equally effective and the difference between the drug and the placebo is not significant clinically but holds significance in terms of statistical analysis (Kirsch 2015). Now this again leads to the generation of one obvious question that what do all the active anti-depressant drugs have common in them that make their effect on mental depression slightly but significant statistically, in comparison to placebo? The explanation provided by Krisch (2015), stated that the clinical trials conducted to ascertain the placebo effect of the anti-depressant drugs are not always strictly double blind. This is because the majority of the patients realize that they have been provided with the real drug rather than the placebo because of the associated side-effects of the drugs. This self-realization among the patients creates a barrier towards the generation of significant placebo effect in the use anti-depression. References Kirsch, I., 2013. The placebo effect revisited: Lessons learned to date.Complementary Therapies in Medicine,21(2), pp.102-104. Kirsch, I., 2015. Antidepressants and the placebo effect.Zeitschrift fr Psychologie

Rin detergent positing or repositioning free essay sample

Case describes the introduction of Rin laundry detergent bar of lever Brothers Pakistan Limited. In initial days (1984) the sales of the detergent bar was far below the expectation regardless of many promotional activity of the product. General Manager Mustafa anticipated that it may be because of the vague advertisement and blue color associated with the bar. The problem may be the advertisement of Rin which portrays it as better than laundry soap so customer relates Rin from dish wash (which is considered superior product in the market). Then in June 1986 Rin was re-launched to focus on the target group where in a new advertisement campaign was started and resizing of the product was done. Mr. Mustafa now realized that despite of achieving the satisfactory sale in 1988 Rin was primarily perceived among the customer as dish washing soap not as a laundry detergent bar. Research Bureau of Lever in 1988 had shown that approximately 65 % of the respondents (half of them were regular Rin customer) used the product for dish wash instead of laundry. We will write a custom essay sample on Rin detergent positing or repositioning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The decision problem before the Manager Mustafa was how to position Rin in the Pakistani market to build long term brand loyalty as well as a profitable business for the Levers. Rin was a non-soap detergent bar and a fabric washer that gives consumers a superior cleaning power with much less effort than other laundry bars in the market. But the main sales are coming from dish wash segment which shows that dish wash segment is easy to penetrate. Customer in this segment could be attracted towards a good product if the product delivers requisite value at appropriate price. Establish Rin as fabric washer and launch other variant of Rin bar in the dish washing segment is the best option as it will allow levers to enter in niche segment (NSD bar) and in long term will certainly give the advantage of early bird. This segment have small base now but is growing at rate of 29% and Rin is the only brand selling in this segment, so it must adhere to the this market and make its stronghold in due course with little change in the look of the wrapper and advertisement of the product . On the same time the market now can be captured through dish washing segment. Rin already tried to enter this segment with liquid wash but failed. The market is not yet very matured of the liquid wash. It is good that Rin discontinued liquid wash because launching two niche products can put extreme constrain on the finances of the company. So now Rin should launch the dish washing bar which will cost less than Rs 25(after reduction of 33% variable cost) to penetrate the market and make a stronghold of the brand in the mind of people of Pakistan. Such strategy will require the restructuring of the product line but will result in better market penetration and creating value for the customer. Hence in long term Rin with fabric as well as dish wash will lead to the creation of loyal customer. Situation Analysis: In initial days (1984) the sales of the detergent bar was far below the expectation regardless of many promotional activity of the product. General Manager Mustafa anticipated that it may be because of the vague advertisement and blue color associated with the bar. The problem may be the advertisement of Rin which portrays it as better than laundry soap so customer relates Rin from dish wash (which is considered superior product in the market). Then in June 1986 Rin was re-launched to focus on the target group where in a new advertisement campaign was started and resizing of the product was done. Mr. Mustafa now realized that despite of achieving the satisfactory sale in 1988 Rin was primarily perceived among the customer as dish washing soap not as a laundry detergent bar. Research Bureau of Lever in 1988 had shown that approximately 65 % of the respondents (half of them were regular Rin customer) used the product for dish wash instead of laundry. In Pakistan market non shop detergent bar was a niche product and Rin was the only NSD bar in the market in 1988. This segment was growing at the rate of 29% which is phenomenal growth rate for a niche product. The target segment in this case is the fabric wash market and point of difference is the non detergent bar quality of Rin. Main competitor in this segment is laundry soap which covers 93. 9% of the market. In non soap detergent segment lever has two products namely Surf and Sunlight which covers the 50% of NSD powder but in laundry soap market it does not have any offering. On the other hand in dish wash segment where the Rin is selling unintentionally is dominated by hard soaps. Bars consist of only 12% of the dish wash market. Due to its blue color and price, Rin was perceived by customers as the dish washer. Priced at around Rs 22. 5 to 24. 2 Rin is considered as low price product in dish washer segment . This is the indication that Rin has potential opportunity of launching product in this segment. Decision problem: The decision problem before the Manager Mustafa was how to position Rin in the Pakistani market to create demand for the niche product Rin, NSD bar and build long term brand loyalty as well as a profitable business for the Levers. Alternatives available to Rin. Rin as fabric washer and launch other variant of Rin bar in the dish washing segment: Since Rin is an international brand of Lever so positioning it as a dish washer in Pakistan will not create a good brand image in long term. Hence Rin should focus on building its image as a non detergent bar in fabric market. At the same time it must tap the potential of the dish washing market by introducing a variant of Rin with some modification.   Rin as Fabric and Dish washer – Focus on main segment and let the revenue come from secondary segment that is dish washing segment. Rin as Dish washer –Since it is easy to penetrate the dish washing segment and Rin has made significant hold by the amount of sales in dish washing segment. So reposition Rin as dish washer. Rin as fabric washer – Position the brand in fabric segment only. Take the necessary steps in terms of advertisement for the market penetration of the product. Marketing plan for implementation of alternatives. Rin as fabric washer and launch other variant of Rin bar in the dish washing segment: Positioning: Introduce two variants of Rin in the market one as NSD bar for fabric and second as dish washer. Target segment will be two different sections of the market and consumers are not left in confusion. Advertisement: Both the product should be easily differentiated in color and looks. The dish washer should be wrapped in the blue color wrapper while fabric soap should be wrapped yellow color rapper with a slight tint of blue. Even the advertisement plan for both should be different. For dish washer it should target the better quality, low price and can wash more number of dirty dishes than hard soap and other bars. On the other hand for fabric washer it should target the fact that it gives consumers a superior cleaning power with much less effort than other laundry bars in the market. The advertisement must be endorsed with some well known female personality. Finance: For fabric cleaning NSD bar it must not reduce the price. As NSD detergent is selling between Rs 20-48 per kg and have grabbed 5. 5% of the market share and growing at 12 % rate similarly NSD bar will also gain its hold in the market in due time. For dish washer it should remove the wash ingredient which will reduce the variable cost by 33% thereby reducing the price of the final product. By the time fabric wash is not attaining the required popularity the revenue will come from the dish washer. Additional costs will born by the company in retailing both variant and packaging for both variants. Heavy increase in expenditure in the form of advertisements and sales promotional campaigns is required if Rin will go for launching two different product. Distribution: During the trade promotional offers when distributers get additional 8% of margin (by getting 1 bar free on purchase of 12 bars) sale of Rin rises to 40 to 60 % while such increase in not registered in giving discount to the consumer directly. So Rin should target to give more margins to the distributer than its competitor. Rin should incentivize the distributors to promote its product by keeping it appropriately. 2. Not do anything and let Rin sell as a fabric as well as dish washer – Positioning: This will help in increasing the customer base without doing much alteration in the product. This will increase the sale and make a point of difference as Rin will be a universal washer may be fabric or dish washer. So this will cater to the primary need of the company to penetrate the market as fabric washer and secondary need to address the sale issue which will come mainly from dish washing segment. Finance: The actual sale in 1988 increased from the targeted sale by 19% which is generating 8% PBT (profit before tax). Additional cost will be incurred in more rigorous advertisement, other promotional activity and giving more incentive to distributers. Distribution: Same as in option 1 3. Rin as Dish washer Positioning: Reposition Rin as a dish washer and not as a fabric washer. Target the ‘actual’ customer, instead of the intended one. Advertisement: Five years of promotional activities failed to make much impact on the public so launching the new add where Rin is portrayed as a dish washer and compared with the hard soaps and bars will be launched. Finance: All the cost expanded till yet on promotion of Rin will become sunk cost and launching of new product will be undertaken. The cost of bar will be less as the fabric washing ingredient will be removed which will decrease the variable cost by 33%. Additional cost on new packaging and advertisement will be incurred. Distributer: Since the product will cheapest in category so the present margin will be sufficient enough for the required sale. The money instead should be invested on the advertisement of the product to make Rin a household name. 4. Rin as fabric washer Positioning: Positioning the product as a fabric washer only. Since it is a niche product it will take time to penetrate the market. Rin should stick to the aim of selling only the fabric wash and in the way the secondary selling will take place at its own pace. Advertisement: The message of Rin as a new and block blustered product should be properly conveyed to the customer. †You get much more out of Rin than you pay for† leaves customer in doldrums as it is a fabric washer or a dish washer. The look of the product must be changed with yellow cover so that it must not be confused as dish washer. Finance: The product will be same so some additional expenditure on packaging is required and more clear advertisement to target the customer will be mandatory. Distribution: The distributer margin must be increased than all other competitor in the fabric wash segment. The retailers must be sensitized to keep the product in the appropriate shelves with the other fabric washers. Establish Rin as fabric washer and launch other variant of Rin bar in the dish washing segment is the best option as it will lead to enter Rin in niche segment and in long term will certainly give the advantage of early bird. This segment have small base now but is growing at rate of 29% and Rin is the only brand selling in this segment, so it must adhere to the this market and make its stronghold in due course with little change in the look of the wrapper and advertisement of the product which is shown in the exhibit. On the same time the market now can be captured through dish washing segment. Rin already tried to enter this segment with liquid wash but failed. The market is not yet very matured of the liquid wash. It is good that Rin discontinued liquid wash because launching two niche products can put extreme constrain on the finances of the company. So now Rin should launch the dish washing bar which will cost less than Rs 25(after reduction of 33% variable cost) to penetrate the market and make a stronghold of the brand in the mind of people of Pakistan.